Hearts on a Scale African American Mother With Sick Child Clip Art
Sickle Prison cell Affliction
Also called: Hemoglobin SS affliction, Sickle cell anemia
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Summary
What is sickle cell disease (SCD)?
Sickle jail cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited ruddy blood cell disorders. If you have SCD, there is a problem with your hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in ruby blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the trunk. With SCD, the hemoglobin forms into stiff rods within the ruby claret cells. This changes the shape of the red blood cells. The cells are supposed to exist disc-shaped, just this changes them into a crescent, or sickle, shape.
The sickle-shaped cells are not flexible and cannot change shape easily. Many of them burst apart as they move through your blood vessels. The sickle cells normally only last 10 to twenty days, instead of the normal 90 to 120 days. Your body may have trouble making enough new cells to replace the ones that you lot lost. Considering of this, you may not have enough red blood cells. This is a condition chosen anemia, and it tin can make you feel tired.
The sickle-shaped cells can also stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of claret. When this happens, oxygen can't achieve nearby tissues. The lack of oxygen can cause attacks of sudden, severe hurting, called pain crises. These attacks can occur without warning. If you get 1, yous might need to go to the hospital for handling.
What causes sickle cell disease (SCD)?
The crusade of SCD is a defective gene, called a sickle cell gene. People with the illness are born with two sickle cell genes, 1 from each parent.
If y'all are born with one sickle prison cell gene, it'due south called sickle cell trait. People with sickle jail cell trait are by and large healthy, simply they can pass the defective gene on to their children.
Who is at chance for sickle jail cell disease (SCD)?
In the United States, well-nigh of the people with SCD are African Americans:
- About 1 in thirteen African American babies is built-in with sickle jail cell trait
- Almost 1 in every 365 black children is built-in with sickle cell disease
SCD also affects some people who come up from Hispanic, southern European, Middle Eastern, or Asian Indian backgrounds.
What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD)?
People with SCD get-go to have signs of the affliction during the get-go year of life, usually around 5 months of age. Early symptoms of SCD may include:
- Painful swelling of the hands and feet
- Fatigue or fussiness from anemia
- A yellowish color of the skin (jaundice) or the whites of the eyes (icterus)
The effects of SCD vary from person to person and can change over time. Most of the signs and symptoms of SCD are related to complications of the disease. They may include astringent hurting, anemia, organ impairment, and infections.
How is sickle cell disease (SCD) diagnosed?
A claret test can show if you have SCD or sickle jail cell trait. All states now test newborns equally role of their screening programs, so treatment can begin early.
People who are thinking virtually having children can have the test to find out how likely it is that their children will have SCD.
Doctors tin also diagnose SCD earlier a babe is born. That test uses a sample of amniotic fluid (the liquid in the sac surrounding the baby) or tissue taken from the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby).
What are the treatments for sickle cell illness (SCD)?
The only cure for SCD is bone marrow or stalk cell transplantation. Because these transplants are risky and can take serious side furnishings, they are usually but used in children with severe SCD. For the transplant to work, the os marrow must be a shut match. Usually, the best donor is a brother or sis.
There are treatments that tin can help relieve symptoms, lessen complications, and prolong life:
- Antibiotics to try to prevent infections in younger children
- Pain relievers for astute or chronic pain
- Hydroxyurea, a medicine that has been shown to reduce or forbid several SCD complications. It increases the amount of fetal hemoglobin in the blood. This medicine is not right for anybody; talk to your wellness care provider about whether y'all should accept it. This medicine is not prophylactic during pregnancy.
- Babyhood vaccinations to prevent infections
- Blood transfusions for astringent anemia. If you have had some serious complications, such as a stroke, you lot may take transfusions to prevent more complications.
There are other treatments for specific complications.
To stay equally healthy as possible, brand sure that y'all get regular medical intendance, live a healthy lifestyle, and avoid situations that may set off a pain crunch.
NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Plant
- Living Well with Sickle Cell Affliction (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
- Sickle Cell Crisis (Hurting Crunch) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Castilian
- A1C Exam and Race/Ethnicity
(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) - 5 Tips to Help Prevent Infections (Centers for Affliction Control and Prevention) Too in Spanish
- Hemoglobin C, S-C, and E Diseases (Merck & Co., Inc.) Also in Spanish
- Sickle Cell Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension (Pulmonary Hypertension Association) - PDF
- Sickle Cell Illness Quiz (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Castilian
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Castilian
- Sickle jail cell anemia (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
- Sickle cell examination (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
Source: https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html
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